I don't think the Jūminhyō system is similar to the Chinese one. You basically just need to have a utility bill or something with your name and address on it, and register it with your local ward office or city hall. There is no concept of being refused it unless you aren't a legal Japanese resident as far as I can tell?
It's a fully voluntary program and the annual 'benefit' is usually something like a box of local produce or a reduced fee ryoukan stay, it's hardly something that affects urban quality of life.
