It's pretty amazing from Safari to plugged in iPhone in iOS6 using the new remote debugging.
I have to mention coda2 & diet coda airpreview for iPad specific live debugging too, and Adobe's new edge inspect works well too (I've been using all three today for a responsive iOS site)
You can already do this with Safari (on a mac at least). The dev tools in chrome are just the webkit dev tools (maybe with a few changes) so Safari can do all (almost?) of the same things.
iOS6 Safari allows remote debugging: you can open a site up on an iDevice and then connect via Safari on the desktop and use Safari's version of Web Inspector
I wonder when this will be available for iOS.