That was my point. Although you can, actually - since literals themselves are array-typed, you can sizeof them to get the character count without relying on null termination. It's even possible to get a non-null-terminated literal if the target array type is not large enough to fit null, e.g.:
If you want to be pedantic, "an object declared as type char is large enough to store any member of the basic execution character set". It doesn't actually have to be a byte.
In practice, in C context, character == char == byte. Other concepts have to use different names to avoid confusion with the language spec.