Yup, most old houses in Poland had this kind of stove. Some were replaced with gas stoves, some still have them (but they are now rarely used because it's not very convenient to split the wood and carry it to your house every day - much easier to use the gas stove).

Usually they have water pipes running through the masonry, and they were not only used for cooking and heating the house - but also for heating the bath water. Very efficient.