For an example of how science can end up with competing ideas and differing conclusions from experiments, see the little battle between Steve Mould and Mehdi "ElectroBOOM" Sadaghdar. They each made a few videos trying to explain the Mould effect (the effect where a chain dropped from a jar rises up from the lip as it falls). Each of them make compelling arguments as to why they're right and the other is wrong, but if not for them competing we'd just be assuming that Mould's original explanation was correct.