I just confirmed that desktop Safari has exactly the behavior this post describes. If I visit any Wikipedia page, what I see in the URL bar is "[lock icon] en.wikipedia.org". The path is entirely removed.

Its an option under Safari/Preferences/Advanced called Show Full Website Address.

My Safari has the full path

13.1.1 (15609.2.9.1.2)

Weird! I see: https://i.imgur.com/6r73iFt.png (v13.1.2)

Is there any chance you've checked "Preferences > Advanced > Show Full Website Address"?

Can confirm, it is checked. This does seems like something that should be a user configured option.