Next.js, and most likely all the big players, can achieve that. I use Prismic for a lot of projects, and here's documentation about how to achieve previews with it and Next.js https://prismic.io/docs/technologies/previews-nextjs
Yeah, easy, all you have to do is rewrite WordPress in JavaScript. Now instead of worrying about malware in plugins, you can worry about malware in plugins and your npm dependencies!
You shouldn't run your web server as root. I think the most common way of running WordPress is to use nginx in front of Apache, so you can easily run Apache as a special WordPress user for extra security.
Every backend has access to your DB though. If a WordPress alternative supports plugins, it is just as vulnerable. If it doesn't support plugins, it's not a WordPress alternative for most use cases.
Since you're asking: on Firefox/Android the page rendered in the declared three column layout. Even after I manually zoomed in to make the center column fill the width of my screen, the text was very small.
Usually, I'd just use Firefox Reader View (aka Readability.js), but it's not being offered on the site. I don't know why, the document structure seems straightforward enough (IANA web dev).
Oooh, I tried that, it does not make the experience better (at least in Fennec on my Android): the main column gets squeezed until it only shows one word at a time. I think I'd have to drag my websites CSS into the 21th century before I can use that.
Ah, that's too bad. You can use two CSS selectors to make the two columns go under then main one on small screens, though it's a bit more involved than I can remember off the top of my head.
There are only five pages (it shows you in the right pane). I had no problem with clicking "Next" but even if you dislike that I suggest you persist - it's a nice project, a well written article and worth reading.
It's a good point, though, and one I heard earlier. Spritesmods used multi-page articles from the beginning (which is nigh 14 years ago now), initially because, I dunno, more of the web was like that? Later, when I needed the money, it was because I liked header ads more than long articles with interstitial ads. Now I don't quite need the money anymore, maybe I should throw out ads and either default to everything-on-one-page or at least give that as an option.
Worked the same for me. I actually like the css on the site, but I refuse to click through multi-page articles. Especially when I am not even informed about the total number of pages.